The primary raw materials for the bop are 7080% liquid hot metal from the blast furnace and the balance is steel scrap. The chemistry of steelmaking the basic oxygen furnace. Basic oxygen steelmaking simulation steeluniversity. Basic oxygen furnace animation the basic oxygen furnace process is a method of primary steelmaking in which carbonrich hot metal. At high temperatures, oxygen is blown through the metal, which reduces the carbon content to.
Dynamic model of basic oxygen steelmaking process based on. Despite the advances in steelmaking technology,9 which have taken place since bessemers day, slopping remains. The scrap is used mainly to lower the furnace temperature. Modern furnaces, or converters will take a charge of up to 350 tonnes and convert it. The study was conducted in the basic oxygen furnace shop of a reputed. There are essentially 3 steps to steelmaking the main area of discussion centers on the supply side and the raw materials going into steelmaking. Basic oxygen steelmaking bos, bop, bof, or osm, also known as linzdonawitzsteelmaking or the oxygen converter process is a method of primary steelmaking in which carbonrich molten pig iron is made into steel. In the basic oxygen furnace, hot metal from the blast furnace is converted into steel. How steel is made using the basic oxygen steelmaking process.
This course handles the steel making process which is converting the hot metal formed in the ironmaking process into steel. More than half the worlds steel is produced in the basic oxygen process bop, which uses pure oxygen to convert a charge of liquid blastfurnace iron and scrap into steel. Pdf simulation based decision for steelmaking operations. Its composition at this stage is shown in bar chart 3. After the blow has continued for about 20 minutes, the metal is sampled. Basic oxygen steelmaking how is basic oxygen steelmaking.
This allowed the wide use of lower quality iron ores in producing steel for general and specialist use. Process models are usually very simple and compute the results in real. Bos basic oxygen furnace and the more modern eaf electric arc furnace methods. The kaldo swedish process uses top blowing with oxygen together with a basic lined rotating 30 revmin furnace to get efficient mixing fig. The purpose of the basic oxygen steelmaking bos process is to refine the hot metal produced in the blast furnace into raw liquid steel, which may be subsequently refined in the secondary. Bos is the most common and dominant primary steelmaking process used in the world today. Basic oxygen furnace based steelmaking processes and. This technological achievement allowed a major expansion of the iron trade, and ultimately it helped lead to the industrial revolution. Basic oxygen furnace based steelmaking processes and cleanliness control at baosteel l.
Basic oxygen steelmaking bos, bop, bof, and osm, also known as linzdonawitz steelmaking or the oxygen converter process is a method of primary steelmaking in which carbonrich molten pig iron is made into steel. Products ironmaking and steelmaking bof basic oxygen. Blowing oxygen through molten pig iron lowers the carbon content of the alloy and changes it into lowcarbon steel. The word basic refers to the ph of the refractories lining the ladle interior, which are normally composed of calcium oxide or magnesium oxide. The basic oxygen steelmaking bos process consortium. Steel is run out of the taphole into a ladle, separating it from the lighter slag, which is later emptied as waste. Oxygen steelmaking technology committee activities the ostc met 1112 february 2020, merrillville, ind. The vessels are lined with heat resistant refractory materials eg. The basic oxygen steelmaking module is part of the steel manufacturing course. The basic oxygen steel bos making process this can be described via the following steps. In the space of 40 years, the small village of coalbrookdale. Best free animation software yes, 2d animations for free. Basic oxygen steelmaking this module includes a simulation of basic oxygen steelmaking, one of the two main steelmaking processes.
Basic oxygen process article about basic oxygen process. These are charged into the basic oxygen furnace bof vessel. The following flowchart shows steps of steel making pictorially in a steel plant. Production scheduling in a steelmaking and continuous casting plant. The process occurs in a furnace which is a specially designed steel vessel that may be rotated through 360 in a vertical plane. These include ore cooling, production of highcarbon and lowalloy steels, and the utilization of highphosphorous hot metal. Electrical design software installation simulation duration. This tutorial shows how tu use the integrated basic oxygen steelmaking and secondary steelmaking simulator for steelchallenge. Bof, bos, bottom blowing, combined blowing, converter, heat, ld converter, ld gas, sppreesed combustion, steelmaking, top blowing. Multiphysical modeling approach for basic oxygen steelmaking. Basic oxygen furnace bof steel making or basic oxygen furnace steelmaking bos or linzdonawitzverfahren steelmaking or the oxygen converter process is a method in which both molten pig iron and steel scrap are converted into steel with the oxidizing action of. There are some great programs out there, but for business owners, marketers, and basic users it is just too much, and it is definitely not free animation software.
The bos process is now complete and the furnace can be tapped. The development of a process charge expert system for a. The basic oxygen steelmaking process is the uks major method for making steel. Basic oxygen steelmaking bos is a method of creating steel that utilizes the blowing of pure oxygen to convert liquid iron and scrap into steel basic oxygen steelmaking. It was a gradual process of discovery and refinement as the animators tried to push their work to a new higher standard.
Plant and equipment, metallurgical processes, chemistry, raw materials, products and byproducts. The extent of refining in the oxygen steelmaking converter depends on the chemical and physical properties of the bath. This video shows you how to use the process metallurgy module for steel and slag by walking you. This is 3d animation of steel making process by michael burgin steiner on vimeo, the home for high quality videos and the people who love them. Basic oxygen steelmaking is a method of primary steelmaking in which carbonrich molten pig iron is converted into steel.
The main functions of the basic oxygen furnace bof are to decarburize and remove phosphorus from the hot metal, and to optimize the. Thomas4 optical microscopy, total oxygen measurements and slime tests have been conducted to quantify. Jamie shorta, chris barnesa, dr mark evansb, dr roger grosvenorc, paul prickettc. Process kinetics of oxygen steelmaking springerlink. Hot metal pretreatment to decrease some of the impurities, and basic oxygen furnace bof process to reach the required composition will be treated in detail. Ironmaking and steelmaking bof basic oxygen furnace dlt danieli linz technology is the center for competence of converter oxygen steelmaking, covering the complete range of products downstream of the blast furnace and upstream from secondary metallurgy, in. Hot metal from the blast furnace and steel scrap are the principal materials used in basic oxygen steelmaking bos. Basic oxygen process bop, a steelmaking method in which pure oxygen is blown into a bath of molten blastfurnace iron and scrap. The basic oxygen steelmaking process differs from the eaf in that it is autogenous, or selfsufficient in energy.
This module introduces the learner to the operation of the basic oxygen steelmaking furnace for the transformation of molten iron to steel. To put it simply, basic oxygen steelmaking is a means of producing steel by using oxygen. The high speed oxygen jet injected on to the bath in this process oxidises the elements forming the slag, and the evolving chemical composition and the physical properties of this slag causes it to foam. In order to solve this optimal control problem, the dynamic operation optimization method is introduced in bof steelmaking process control. The process is known as basic due to the chemical nature of the refractoriescalcium oxide and magnesium oxidethat line the vessel to withstand the high.
The purpose of the basic oxygen steelmaking bos process is to refine the hot metal produced in the blast furnace into raw liquid steel, which. A number of recent developments have widened the area of application of the ld, basic oxygen steelmaking process. Oxygen steelmaking training dvd from the bcsa and tata steel. Modelling of basic oxygen steel making process has significant utility as productivity and lining life of basic oxygen steelmaking bos is highly dependable upon mass, momentum, energy. Related reactions and technics are also introduced. One of the optimal control problems in bof basic oxygen furnace steelmaking process is how to set the control variable values and make the dynamic optimal control indicator be the best one. The aim of the process is to remove carbon and several minor elements from iron melt by blowing oxygen on top of the melt.
History of basic oxygen steelmaking basic oxygen steelmaking bos is the process of making steel by blowing pure oxygen o2 in a liquid metal bath contained in a vessel which. In this realtime simulation you must first select the appropriate type of raw. A simulation study of basic oxygen furnace operations proceedings. The primary raw materials for the bop are 7080% liquid hot metal from the blast furnace and the steel scrap need to be balanced. Overview of the steelmaking process pellets sinter limestone coke iron ore coal scrap blast furnace ironmaking converter steelmaking ladle refining blast furnace steelmaking coalnatural gas plate hotrolled bars rods tube rounds rails slab billet bloom hotrolled and coldrolled strip coils structural shapes. Steelmaking process basic oxygen steelmaking dri based iron making electric arc furnace electric induction furnace bessemer process open hearth process 7. The diagram shows oxygen being blown into the furnace or bos vessel through a water cooled oxygen lance. Basic oxygen furnace bof steel making or basic oxygen furnace steelmaking bos or linzdonawitzverfahren steelmaking or the oxygen converter process is a method in which both molten pig iron and steel scrap are converted into steel with the oxidizing action of oxygen blown into the melt under a basic slag. The process is known as basic because fluxes of burnt lime or. Modern furnaces will take a charge of up to 350 tonnes and convert it into steel in less than 40 minutes.
As oxygen is injected into a basic oxygen furnace, carbon, silicon,manganese and iron. Introduction the purpose of the basic oxygen steelmaking bos process is to refine the hot metal produced in the blast furnace into raw liquid steel, which may be subsequently refined in the secondary steelmaking shop. This article describes how these techniques have been used in 12 ld steel plants. Blowing oxygen through molten pig iron lowers the carbon content of the alloy and changes it into steel. Basic oxygen steelmaking process basic oxygen steelmaking bos, bop, bof, and osm, also known as linz donawitzverfahren steelmaking or the oxygen converter process is a method. The foundation of any animation education is the 12 principles of animation the 12 principles were a set of core concepts that were developed in the 1930s by animators at walt disney studios as they were transitioning from doing shorts to feature films. Explore the basic oxygen steelmaking simulation to convert molten iron and. The bessemer converters increased in size from 5 tons to 30 tons, but the process was quickly rivalled by the siemens process and was finally superceded in the u. The use of oxygen allows the simultaneous removal of. The oxygen steelmaking process is a generic name given to those processes in which gaseous oxygen is used as the primary agent for autothermic generation of heat as a result of the oxidation of dissolved impurities like carbon, silicon, manganese and phosphorus and to a. Powtoon is the first company to offer a free animation studio.
Two major steelmaking processes are used today in the uk. It is therefore critical to maintain a slag composition that improves the phosphorus removal. A further modification of the process is to add lime powder to the oxygen jet olp process when higher phosphorus pig is used. Basic oxygen furnace for steel schematic which used after the blast furnace. In this simulation, you decide the levels of scrap and alloy additions to make. Basic oxygen furnace process iron and steelmaking ii. At hightemperature steelmaking conditions, when the fuel input exceeds 6. Dephosphorization during the latter part of the basic oxygen steelmaking process is very important because the conditions are favorable compared to other processes within primary and secondary steelmaking. Basic oxygen steelmaking and secondary steelmaking integrated. In this simulation, you decide the levels of scrap.
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